Hypochondroplasia can appear to look like achondroplasia, though it is a different condition entirely. It is usually caused by a change in the FGFR3 gene, different to the change seen in achondroplasia. The overactive FGFR3 protein likely interferes with skeletal development and leads to the disturbances in bone growth that are characteristic of this condition. It is estimated to occur between 1 in every 40,000 births.

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